FORMATION OF THE MULTIVERSE
Particles of light.
Consider the following hypothesis:-
A photon, when emitted, exists as a packet of energy that has a finite but immeasurably small mass.
The force propelling an emitted photon is determined by the energy of the photon.
The higher the energy level of a photon the greater its rate of acceleration.
The speed of such an accelerated packet of energy increases rapidly toward an almost infinite target speed, acquiring an inertial mass increase commensurate with its speed.
As the speed of an emitted photon approaches a fundamental limit [currently considered to be about 300,000 Km per second] the rate of photon inertial mass gain increases very rapidly, until, at the fundamental limit, there is insufficient energy for further mass acceleration.
Further, as the speed of the photon approaches the fundamental speed limit the photon progressively materializes as a minute physical particle possessing increasing inertial mass and with increasingly negative charge while its time rate [relative to an observer] approaches zero.
During the final stage in this process all of the energy of the photon is exhibited as mass possessing a negative charge.
At this point the photon ‘pivots’ on the verge of a zero-time, zero-motion condition in which its inertial mass and the associated kinetic energy once again exhibit as electromagnetic energy accelerating its associated minute particle as if newly emitted from an atomic structure..
The described process repeats in the form of successive transitions between the energetic and material states of the photon and this oscillation occurs at a rate determined by the energy content of the photon, with a high energy photon transitioning at a higher ‘frequency’ [repetition rate] than that of a low energy photon..
A lower frequency [lower energy] photon therefore goes through less transitions in a given period of time than a higher ‘frequency’ photon and, being at a lower energy level, its rate of acceleration will also be less than that of a higher energy photon, thus it is anticipated to spend more time as a materializing particle before reaching the speed where it transitions to its next energy phase..
Photons of higher energy content initially accelerate more rapidly than those of lower energy but as they approach the fundamental limit sooner, they are in addition subjected to greater mass effects resulting in a rapid reduction in their rate of acceleration in the latter stages of their cycle, giving rise to equal overall average speed. A 1GHz photon, for example, will pass through two energy/mass transitions during the time and over the distance that a 500MHz photon does so once, but the average propagation speed remains the same for each..
If the foregoing is correct, an implication is that ‘c’, as the measured speed of electromagnetic radiation, is really the average of the speeds attained throughout the cycle and that the maximum speed of the photon is in fact higher than 300,000 Km per second.
Macro-level measurement is of course unable to detect this speed variation of photons as their detection is only possible in the latter period of their cycle when they exhibit sufficient mass and charge to interact with the material substance of our measuring equipment..
The form in which electromagnetic radiation [a photon of light for example] exists at any instant depends upon the precise time within a cycle of oscillation.
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It is evident from this discussion that while each propagating photon appears in reality to have a continuous stream of existence its occurrence in either of its major forms [energy or matter] can perhaps be viewed as quantised, leaving the impression that ‘light’ propagates as a series of discrete packets.
No photon of electromagnetic energy may continue to accelerate beyond the speed at which its energy is entirely exhibited as ‘mass’. This has been found to occur at the same speed [over macro distances] for all energy levels [frequencies]. This is the ‘speed of light’.
It has been hypothesized and to this time found to be the case that no form of energy may exceed the speed of ‘light’.
All matter is known to consist entirely of energy.
It is proposed that all forms of energy, whether they be the ‘photons’ forming electrons as described in another section of this article or those entities speculated by this author to comprise the protons and neutrons of an atom’s nucleus, oscillate continuously between the described material and energy conditions.
It should thus be clear that no material thing may exceed the speed beyond that of propagating energy.
It is also proposed that only in their material condition are such entities able to interact with each other through their charge relationship. Thus material events may only occur during the time segments in which ‘matter’ is present. It must be stressed that these segments are only a portion of actual time and that no physical event can ‘happen’ when matter is not present.
A material thing of course comprises a vastly complex system of such relationships between non-identical ‘on again, off again’ motes of matter and it is the aggregate of these relationships that presents us with the material world around us and also with that world’s progress through time.
Formation of Matter From Energy.
Hypothesis:- Matter is a consequence of the interaction of moving charge carriers.
We may be able to take useful inferences from the forgoing in regard to the formation of matter.
Although the photons of our familiar environment appear to be almost exclusively of the negatively charged variety the early universe is considered here to have consisted of both positively and negatively charged photons.
Because like charges repel and unlike charges attract it can be seen that The Big Bang or its equivalent may have been a vast source of moving positive and negative charge carriers [energy ‘particles’], radiating away from an origin.
If these charge carriers comprised energy that propagated and behaved as described for photons in this hypothesis it is seen as likely that the extensive and continuous spectrum of energy levels [‘frequencies’] produced in The Big Bang would have resulted in a very wide range of deflection angles as charge carriers of the full range of energies [same polarity, equal or differing charge intensities] repelled each other.
Because positive charges would have commenced to diverge from each other under the influence of their mutual repulsion and negative charges would have done likewise, this particle path deviation would have caused the subsequent convergence of many charge carriers.
Path coincidence of such deflected charge carriers would have led to cascading deflections in what would, essentially instantly, become a ‘boiling maelstrom’ of swirling energy and ultimately, as will be seen, particles of matter.
It is hypothesized that positively and negatively charged particles will be drawn together if their paths converge and their charge presences coincide in time and location. The outcome of such physical attraction will be determined by the energy relationship between the particles involved.
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Should positive and negative particles of equal energy [same ‘frequency’] coincide as described they will continue together on a path resulting from their angle of incidence. They will then be closely associated particles appearing as one entity possessing the combined energy and mass of its constituents. This new ‘particle’ will exhibit zero charge externally to itself except at extremely short distances however* owing to the opposite and equal charges of its component parts masking each other’s charges.
*[Because no two particles may occupy the same ‘space’ they must in these associations exist in some manner adjacent to each other and thereby exhibit very small charge to points immediately beside each one on their side opposite the union.]
Note that the combined particles retain their prior individual identity and characteristics despite being ‘locked together’ by their charge relationship.
It should be clear that such a particle association continues to acquire mass and be limited in speed in an identical manner to that discussed for photons in the hypothesis.
The particles described above would behave in the manner of the particle known as the neutrino. In possessing essentially zero exhibited charge, these entities are normally neither attracted toward nor repelled by the charges presented by atoms and therefore may only very rarely interact with other matter.
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Positive and negative charge carriers that differ only slightly in energy have almost identical transition periods [repetition rates]. If the material presence of two such items occurs simultaneously in close proximity to each other the mutual attraction will cause the two to unite as occurred in the case of the neutrino.
On subsequent materializations such entities will emerge slightly spatially separated from each other however owing to their non-identical ‘periods’ [conventionally referred to as ‘wavelengths’].
If this occurs with sufficient propinquity the two physical particles will be drawn together once again by their charge attraction. This process will recur indefinitely, with a resultant ‘virtual’ period for the new object falling between the repetition times of the original energy components.
In a physical sense the positive and negative particles comprising the entity will be locked together as they move in unison at a resultant speed slightly below that of an energy entity not associated in the same manner.
This will happen because the physical presence of the higher energy particle will appear on each occurrence at a slightly earlier time (shorter distance) than the less energetic particle, drawing the first particle slightly forward and the second particle slightly backward in space and producing an overall combined ‘measured’ speed (distance divided by time) that is lower than would otherwise be the case.
That is, the new [combined] particle of matter will travel at marginally less than the speed of light even though comprised of entities that individually attain the same maximum speed that limits all entities.
The minute material object formed in such a union will continue to exhibit a small residual charge as in the case of the neutrino but as the physical association of the particles is more distant in this case and their charges differ slightly, the charge affecting other objects will operate over a greater distance and be dominated by that of the more energetic particle. This allows them to repel and attract other entities depending upon relative physical charge orientations and this may lead to the accumulation of equivalent entities causing the formation of more complex matter.
Such accumulations may conceptually consist of pairs or groups of pairs bound together in chains of progressively greater energy difference. Particles of matter taking such a form may collectively travel at a considerably lower speed than the transition speed of its constituents, that is, well below the speed of light.
It
is suggested that a process such as that described above ultimately
results in hydrogen atoms comprised of individual photons both
positive and negative, which individually cycle through the energetic
and material states and propagate at ‘the speed of light’ but
provide no nett accelerating force for the atomic entity as a whole.
Photon pairs comprised of two very low energy [very long repetition period] components will exhibit extremely low charges even in very close proximity to the combined entity and this, in addition to their widely spaced charge maxima, causes interaction with much slower moving matter accumulations [normal matter] to occur only rarely. Several distinct combinations of this nature are likely to occur where one pair of photons differs from the next on the basis of energy. This would produce neutrinos of several differing energy levels.
A neutrino of very low energy [low repetition rate and thus large physical spacing between materializations] may not materialize at all in its passage through the Earth. If it does materialize within the planet its extremely low effective charge will make interaction with atoms within the Earth very rare and difficult to detect.
Possibility of Multiple Universes:
If matter is only periodically present in the manner described we are presented with the implication that a Multiverse of a nature different from those presently proposed is possible.
Consider a Pulse Train of a given PRR [Pulse Repetition Rate], with each pulse occurrence representing the materialization of this universe.
It is postulated that Universes presenting a periodic material presence in the above manner will co-exist in the same space without interaction between them and that the forces involved in the initial formation of matter would have prevented and still do prevent the formation of time and location coincident matter.
Particles of matter that do not materialize in sync with the 'time slice' of a universe may appear briefly within it as a 'virtual' particle from time-to-time.
If the material universe formed from a ‘sea’ of energy as suggested earlier in this paper it may be seen that alternate physical realities in the same spatial location could be anticipated to form material bodies of a similar nature to each other. This presents the possibility of an essentially identical Earth existing in a ‘time slice’ adjacent to our own but seemingly forever inaccessible.
Should technology be developed capable of bridging the minute temporal gap between adjacent time slices for a defined material object [such as a vessel], use of such technology within the vicinity of matter in the arrival universe would almost certainly fail catastrophically, and have serious repercussions in both universes.
It is suggested that such efforts should only be made in distant reaches of space far from any material thing.
Any physical arrival on Earth from such a source would therefore be 'from space' in a space ship.
